Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that obstructs airflow from the lungs. It is characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, typically caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke. COPD encompasses conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Symptoms and Diagnosis :

Symptoms of COPD include persistent cough, mucus (sputum) production, shortness of breath, and wheezing. The disease is progressive, meaning it worsens over time. Diagnosis is primarily based on lung function tests such as spirometry, which measures the amount of air a person can inhale and exhale, and the speed of the breath. Imaging tests, such as chest X-rays and CT scans, and blood tests may also be used to support the diagnosis.